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<title>Chapter 4</title>
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<p>New York Grosset and Dunlap Publishers</p>
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<div type="trapped">
<dateline>
18 May
</dateline>
<p>
<persName><ref target="#Jonathan">I</ref></persName> have been down to look at that room again in
daylight, for I must know the truth. When I got to the doorway at the top of the stairs I found it closed.
It had been so forcibly driven against the jamb that part of the woodwork was splintered. I could see that the bolt of the lock had not been shot, but the door
is fastened from the inside. <mentioned corresp="#Paranoia"> I fear it was no dream, and must act on this surmise.</mentioned>
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<!--!NEW DIVs FOR NEW Journal entries-->
<div type="stronghanded">
<dateline>19 May</dateline>
<p>
I am surely in the toils. Last night the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> asked me in the suavest tones to write three letters, one saying that my work here was nearly done, and that I
should start for home within a few days, another that I was starting on the next morning from the time of the letter, and the third that I had left the castle
and arrived at Bistritz. I would fain have rebelled, but felt that in the present state of things it would be <mentioned corresp="#Madness">madness</mentioned> to
quarrel openly with the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> whilst I am so absolutely in his power; and to refuse would be to excite his suspicion and to arouse his anger. He knows that I know
too much, and that I must not live, lest I be dangerous to him; my only chance is to prolong my opportunities. Something may occur which will give me a chance to escape.
<mentioned corresp="#Hallucination">I saw in his eyes something of that gathering wrath which was manifest when he hurled that fair woman from him.</mentioned>
He explained to me that posts were few and uncertain, and that my writing now would ensure ease of mind to my friends; and he assured me with so much impressiveness
that he would countermand the later letters, which would be held over at Bistritz until due time in case chance would admit of my prolonging my stay, that to
oppose him would have been to create new suspicion. I therefore pretended to fall in with his views, and asked him what dates I should put on the letters.
He calculated a minute, and then said:—
<lb/>
<said>“The first should be <date>June 12</date>, the second <date>June 19</date>, and the third <date>June 29</date>.”</said>
<lb/>
<mentioned corresp="#Paranoia">I know now the span of my life. God help me!</mentioned>
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="confrontation">
<dateline>28 May</dateline>
<p>
There is a chance of escape, or at any rate of being able to send word home. A band of Szgany have come to the
castle, and are encamped in the courtyard. These Szgany are gipsies; I have notes of them in my book. They are peculiar to this part of the world,
though allied to the ordinary gipsies all the world over. There are thousands of them in Hungary and Transylvania, who are almost outside all law.
They attach themselves as a rule to some great noble or boyar, and call themselves by his name. They are fearless and without religion, save
superstition, and they talk only their own varieties of the Romany tongue.
<lb/>
I shall write some letters home, and shall try to get them to have them posted. I have already spoken them through my window to begin acquaintanceship.
They took their hats off and made obeisance and many signs, which, however, I could not understand any more than I could their spoken language....
<lb/>
I have written the letters. <persName><ref target="#MinaMurray">Mina</ref></persName>’s is in shorthand, and I simply ask Mr.
<persName><ref target="#Hawkins">Hawkins</ref></persName> to communicate
with her. To her I have explained my situation, but without the horrors which I may only surmise. It would shock and frighten her to death were I to
expose my heart to her. Should the letters not carry, then the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName>
shall not yet know my secret or the extent of my knowledge....
<lb/>
I have given the letters; I threw them through the bars of my window with a gold piece, and made what signs I could to have them posted. The man who took
them pressed them to his heart and bowed, and then put them in his cap. I could do no more. I stole back to the study, and began to read. As the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> did
not come in, I have written here....
<lb/>
The <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> has come. He sat down beside me, and said in his smoothest voice as he opened two letters:—
<lb/>
<said>“The Szgany has given me these, of which, though I know not whence they come, I shall, of course, take care. See!”</said>—he must have looked at it—
<said>“one is from you, and to my friend <persName><ref target="#Hawkins">Peter Hawkins</ref></persName>; the other”</said>—here he caught sight of the strange symbols as he opened the envelope, and the
dark look came into his face, and his eyes blazed wickedly—<said>“the other is a vile thing, an outrage upon friendship and hospitality! It is not signed.
Well! so it cannot matter to us.”</said> And he calmly held letter and envelope in the flame of the lamp till they were consumed. Then he went on:—
<lb/>
<said>"The letter to <persName><ref target="#Hawkins">Hawkins</ref></persName>—that I shall, of course, send on, since it is yours. Your letters are sacred to me. Your pardon, my friend, that unknowingly I did break
the seal. Will you not cover it again?”</said> He held out the letter to me, and with a courteous bow handed me a clean envelope. I could only redirect it and hand it
to him in silence. When he went out of the room I could hear the key turn softly. A minute later I went over and tried it, and the door was locked.
<lb/>
When, an hour or two after, the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> came quietly into the room, his coming awakened me, for I had gone to sleep on the sofa. He was very courteous and
very cheery in his manner, and seeing that I had been sleeping, he said:—
<lb/>
<said>“So, my friend, you are tired? Get to bed. There is the surest rest. I may not have the pleasure to talk to-night, since there are many labours to me; but you will
sleep, I pray.”</said> I passed to my room and went to bed, and, strange to say, slept without dreaming. Despair has its own calms.
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="theft">
<dateline>31 May</dateline>
<p>
This morning when I woke I thought I would provide myself with some paper and envelopes from my bag and keep them in my pocket, so that I might write in case
I should get an opportunity, but again a surprise, again a shock!
</p>
<p>
Every scrap of paper was gone, and with it all my notes, my memoranda, relating to railways and travel, my letter of credit, in fact all that might be useful to me
were I once outside the castle. I sat and pondered awhile, and then some thought occurred to me, and I made search of my portmanteau and in the wardrobe where I had
placed my clothes.
</p>
<p>
The suit in which I had travelled was gone, and also my overcoat and rug; I could find no trace of them anywhere. <mentioned corresp="#Paranoia">This looked like some new scheme of villainy....</mentioned>
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="abandoned">
<dateline>17 June</dateline>
<p>
This morning, as I was sitting on the edge of my bed cudgelling my brains, I heard without a cracking of whips and pounding and scraping of horses’ feet up the
rocky path beyond the courtyard. With joy I hurried to the window, and saw drive into the yard two great leiter-wagons, each drawn by eight sturdy horses, and at
the head of each pair a Slovak, with his wide hat, great nail-studded belt, dirty sheepskin, and high boots. They had also their long staves in hand. I ran to the
door, intending to descend and try and join them through the main hall, as I thought that way might be opened for them. Again a shock: <mentioned corresp="#treatment">my door was fastened on the
outside.</mentioned>
</p>
<p>
Then I ran to the window and cried to them. They looked up at me stupidly and pointed, but just then the “hetman” of the Szgany came out, and seeing them pointing to
my window, said something, at which they laughed. Henceforth no effort of mine, no piteous cry or agonised entreaty, would make them even look at me. They resolutely
turned away. The leiter-wagons contained great, square boxes, with handles of thick rope; these were evidently empty by the ease with which the Slovaks handled them,
and by their resonance as they were roughly moved. When they were all unloaded and packed in a great heap in one corner of the yard, the Slovaks were given some money
by the Szgany, and spitting on it for luck, lazily went each to his horse’s head. Shortly afterwards, I heard the cracking of their whips die away in the distance.
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="wdeath">
<dateline>24 June</dateline>
<p>
Last night the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> left me early, and locked himself into his own room. As soon as I dared I ran up the winding stair, and looked out of the window, which opened
south. I thought I would watch for the Count, for there is something going on. The Szgany are quartered somewhere in the castle and are doing work of some kind. I
know it, for now and then I hear a far-away muffled sound as of mattock and spade, and, whatever it is, it must be the end of some ruthless villainy.
</p>
<p>
I had been at the window somewhat less than half an hour, when I saw something coming out of the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count's</ref></persName> window. I drew back and watched carefully, and saw the
whole man emerge. It was a new shock to me to find that he had on the suit of clothes which I had worn whilst travelling here, and slung over his shoulder the
terrible bag which I had seen the women take away. There could be no doubt as to his quest, and in my garb, too! This, then, is his new scheme of evil: that he
will allow others to see me, as they think, so that he may both leave evidence that I have been seen in the towns or villages posting my own letters, and that any
wickedness which he may do shall by the local people be attributed to me.
<lb/>
It makes me rage to think that this can go on, and whilst I am shut up here, a veritable prisoner, but without that protection of the law which is even a criminal’s
right and consolation.
I thought I would watch for the Count’s return, and for a long time sat doggedly at the window. <mentioned corresp="#hypnotism">Then I began to notice that there were some quaint little specks
floating in the rays of the moonlight. They were like the tiniest grains of dust, and they whirled round and gathered in clusters in a nebulous sort of way. I watched
them with a sense of soothing, and a sort of calm stole over me. I leaned back in the embrasure in a more comfortable position, so that I could enjoy more fully the
aërial gambolling.
Something made me start up, a low, piteous howling of dogs somewhere far below in the valley, which was hidden from my sight. Louder it seemed to ring in my ears,
and the floating motes of dust to take new shapes to the sound as they danced in the moonlight. I felt myself struggling to awake to some call of my instincts; nay,
my very soul was struggling, and my half-remembered sensibilities were striving to answer the call. I was becoming hypnotised!</mentioned> Quicker and quicker danced the dust;
the moonbeams seemed to quiver as they went by me into the mass of gloom beyond. More and more they gathered till they seemed to take dim phantom shapes. And then I
started, broad awake and in full possession of my senses, and ran screaming from the place. The phantom shapes, which were becoming gradually materialised from the
moonbeams, were those of the three ghostly women to whom I was doomed. <mentioned corresp="#moonmadness">I fled, and felt somewhat safer in my own room, where there was no moonlight and where the
lamp was burning brightly.</mentioned>
</p>
<p>
<lb/>
When a couple of hours had passed I heard something stirring in the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count's</ref></persName> room, something like a sharp wail quickly suppressed; and then there was silence, deep,
awful silence, which chilled me. With a beating heart, I tried the door; but I was locked in my prison, and could do nothing. I sat down and simply cried.
<lb/>
As I sat I heard a sound in the courtyard without—the agonised cry of a woman. I rushed to the window, and throwing it up, peered out between the bars. There,
indeed, was a woman with dishevelled hair, holding her hands over her heart as one distressed with running. She was leaning against a corner of the gateway. When
she saw my face at the window she threw herself forward, and shouted in a voice laden with menace:—
<lb/>
<said>“Monster, give me my child!”</said>
<lb/>
She threw herself on her knees, and raising up her hands, cried the same words in tones which wrung my heart. Then she tore her hair and beat her breast, and
abandoned herself to all the violences of extravagant emotion. Finally, she threw herself forward, and, though I could not see her, I could hear the beating of her
naked hands against the door.
<lb/>
Somewhere high overhead, probably on the tower, I heard the voice of the Count calling in his harsh, metallic whisper. His call seemed to be answered from far and
wide by the howling of wolves. Before many minutes had passed a pack of them poured, like a pent-up dam when liberated, through the wide entrance into the courtyard.
<lb/>
There was no cry from the woman, and the howling of the wolves was but short. Before long they streamed away singly, licking their lips.
<lb/>
I could not pity her, for I knew now what had become of her child, and she was better dead.
<lb/>
What shall I do? what can I do? How can I escape from this dreadful thing of night and gloom and fear?
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="morning">
<dateline>25 June, Morning</dateline>
<p>
<lb/>
No man knows till he has suffered from the night how sweet and how dear to his heart and eye the morning can be. When the sun grew so high this morning that it
struck the top of the great gateway opposite my window, the high spot which it touched seemed to me as if the dove from the ark had lighted there. My fear fell
from me as if it had been a vaporous garment which dissolved in the warmth. I must take action of some sort whilst the courage of the day is upon me. Last night
one of my post-dated letters went to post, the first of that fatal series which is to blot out the very traces of my existence from the earth.
<lb/>
Let me not think of it. Action!
<lb/>
It has always been at night-time that I have been molested or threatened, or in some way in danger or in fear. I have not yet seen the Count in the daylight. Can it
be that he sleeps when others wake, that he may be awake whilst they sleep? If I could only get into his room! But there is no possible way. The door is always
locked, no way for me.
<lb/>
Yes, there is a way, if one dares to take it. Where his body has gone why may not another body go? I have seen him myself crawl from his window.
Why should not I imitate him, and go in by his window? The chances are desperate, but my need is more desperate still. I shall risk it. <mentioned corresp="#suicide">At the worst
it can only be death; and a man’s death is not a calf’s, and the dreaded Hereafter may still be open to me. God help me in my task! Good-bye, <persName><ref target="#MinaMurray">Mina</ref></persName>, if I
fail; good-bye, my faithful friend and second father; good-bye, all, and last of all <persName><ref target="#MinaMurray">Mina</ref></persName>!</mentioned>
</p>
</div>
<div type="later">
<dateline>25 June, Later</dateline>
<p>
I have made the effort, and God, helping me, have come safely back to this room. I must put down every detail in order. I went whilst my courage was fresh straight to
the window on the south side, and at once got outside on the narrow ledge of stone which runs around the building on this side. The stones are big and roughly cut, and
the mortar has by process of time been washed away between them. I took off my boots, and ventured out on the desperate way. I looked down once, so as to make sure
that a sudden glimpse of the awful depth would not overcome me, but after that kept my eyes away from it. I knew pretty well the direction and distance of the Count’s
window, and made for it as well as I could, having regard to the opportunities available. I did not feel dizzy—I suppose I was too excited—and the time seemed
ridiculously short till I found myself standing on the window-sill and trying to raise up the sash. I was filled with agitation, however, when I bent down and slid
feet foremost in through the window. Then I looked around for the Count, but, with surprise and gladness, made a discovery. The room was empty! It was barely furnished
with odd things, which seemed to have never been used; the furniture was something the same style as that in the south rooms, and was covered with dust. I looked for
the key, but it was not in the lock, and I could not find it anywhere. The only thing I found was a great heap of gold in one corner—gold of all kinds, Roman, and
British, and Austrian, and Hungarian, and Greek and Turkish money, covered with a film of dust, as though it had lain long in the ground. None of it that I noticed
was less than three hundred years old. There were also chains and ornaments, some jewelled, but all of them old and stained.
</p>
<p>
At one corner of the room was a heavy door. I tried it, for, since I could not find the key of the room or the key of the outer door, which was the main object of my
search, I must make further examination, or all my efforts would be in vain. It was open, and led through a stone passage to a circular stairway, which went steeply
down. I descended, minding carefully where I went, for the stairs were dark, being only lit by loopholes in the heavy masonry. At the bottom there was a dark,
tunnel-like passage, through which came a deathly, sickly odour, the odour of old earth newly turned. As I went through the passage the smell grew closer and heavier.
At last I pulled open a heavy door which stood ajar, and found myself in an old, ruined chapel, which had evidently been used as a graveyard. The roof was broken, and
in two places were steps leading to vaults, but the ground had recently been dug over, and the earth placed in great wooden boxes, manifestly those which had been
brought by the Slovaks. There was nobody about, and I made search for any further outlet, but there was none. Then I went over every inch of the ground, so as not to
lose a chance. I went down even into the vaults, where the dim light struggled, although to do so was a dread to my very soul. Into two of these I went, but saw
nothing except fragments of old coffins and piles of dust; in the third, however, I made a discovery.
</p>
<p>
There, in one of the great boxes, of which there were fifty in all, on a pile of newly dug earth, lay the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName>! He was either dead or asleep, I could not
say which—for the eyes were open and stony, but without the glassiness of death—and the cheeks had the warmth of life through all their pallor; the lips were as
red as ever. But there was no sign of movement, no pulse, no breath, no beating of the heart. I bent over him, and tried to find any sign of life, but in vain. He
could not have lain there long, for the earthy smell would have passed away in a few hours. By the side of the box was its cover, pierced with holes here and there.
I thought he might have the keys on him, but when I went to search I saw the dead eyes, and in them, dead though they were, such a look of hate, though unconscious
of me or my presence, that I fled from the place, and leaving the Count’s room by the window, crawled again up the castle wall. Regaining my room, I threw myself
panting upon the bed and tried to think....
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="false-offer">
<dateline>29 June</dateline>
<p>
<lb/>
To-day is the date of my last letter, and the Count has taken steps to prove that it was genuine, for again I saw him leave the castle by the same window, and in my
clothes. As he went down the wall, lizard fashion, I wished I had a gun or some lethal weapon, that I might destroy him; but I fear that no weapon wrought alone by
man’s hand would have any effect on him. I dared not wait to see him return, for I feared to see those weird sisters. I came back to the library, and read there till
I fell asleep.
<lb/>
I was awakened by the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName>, who looked at me as grimly as a man can look as he said:—
<lb/>
<said>“To-morrow, my friend, we must part. You return to your beautiful England, I to some work which may have such an end that we may never meet. Your letter home has
been despatched; to-morrow I shall not be here, but all shall be ready for your journey. In the morning come the Szgany, who have some labours of their own here,
and also come some Slovaks. When they have gone, my carriage shall come for you, and shall bear you to the Borgo Pass to meet the diligence from Bukovina to
Bistritz. But I am in hopes that I shall see more of you at Castle Dracula.”</said> I suspected him, and determined to test his sincerity. Sincerity! It seems like a
profanation of the word to write it in connection with such a monster, so asked him point-blank:—
<lb/>
<said>“Why may I not go to-night?”</said>
<lb/>
<said>“Because, dear sir, my coachman and horses are away on a mission.”</said>
<lb/>
<said>“But I would walk with pleasure. I want to get away at once.”</said> He smiled, such a soft, smooth, diabolical smile that I knew there was some
trick behind his smoothness. He said:—
<lb/>
<said>“And your baggage?”</said>
<lb/>
<said>“I do not care about it. I can send for it some other time.”</said>
<lb/>
The <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName> stood up, and said, with a sweet courtesy which made me rub my eyes, it seemed so real:—
<lb/>
<said>“You English have a saying which is close to my heart, for its spirit is that which rules our boyars: ‘Welcome the coming; speed the parting guest.’ Come with me,
my dear young friend. Not an hour shall you wait in my house against your will, though sad am I at your going, and that you so suddenly desire it. Come!”</said> With a
stately gravity, he, with the lamp, preceded me down the stairs and along the hall. Suddenly he stopped.
<lb/>
<said>“Hark!”</said>
<lb/>
Close at hand came the howling of many wolves. It was almost as if the sound sprang up at the rising of his hand, just as the music of a great orchestra seems
to leap under the bâton of the conductor. After a pause of a moment, he proceeded, in his stately way, to the door, drew back the ponderous bolts, unhooked the
heavy chains, and began to draw it open.
<lb/>
To my intense astonishment I saw that it was unlocked. Suspiciously, I looked all round, but could see no key of any kind.
<lb/>
As the door began to open, the howling of the wolves without grew louder and angrier; their red jaws, with champing teeth, and their blunt-clawed feet as they
leaped, came in through the opening door. I knew then that to struggle at the moment against the Count was useless. With such allies as these at his command, I
could do nothing. But still the door continued slowly to open, and only the Count’s body stood in the gap. Suddenly it struck me that this might be the moment and
means of my doom; I was to be given to the wolves, and at my own instigation. There was a diabolical wickedness in the idea great enough for the Count, and as a
last chance I cried out:—
<lb/>
<said>“Shut the door; I shall wait till morning!”</said> and covered my face with my hands to hide my tears of bitter disappointment. With one sweep of his powerful arm, the
Count threw the door shut, and the great bolts clanged and echoed through the hall as they shot back into their places.
<lb/>
In silence we returned to the library, and after a minute or two I went to my own room. The last I saw of <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count Dracula</ref></persName> was his kissing his hand to me; with a red
light of triumph in his eyes, and with a smile that Judas in hell might be proud of.
<lb/>
When I was in my room and about to lie down, I thought I heard a whispering at my door. I went to it softly and listened. Unless my ears deceived me, I heard the
voice of the Count:—
<lb/>
<said>“Back, back, to your own place! Your time is not yet come. Wait! Have patience! To-night is mine. To-morrow night is yours!”</said> There was a low, sweet ripple of
laughter, and in a rage I threw open the door, and saw without the three terrible women licking their lips. As I appeared they all joined in a horrible laugh, and ran
away.
<lb/>
I came back to my room and threw myself on my knees. It is then so near the end? To-morrow! to-morrow! Lord, help me, and those to whom I am dear!
</p>
</div>
<lb/>
<div type="final">
<dateline>30 June</dateline>
<p>
<lb/>
These may be the last words I ever write in this diary. I slept till just before the dawn, and when I woke threw myself on my knees, for I determined that if Death
came he should find me ready.
<lb/>
At last I felt that subtle change in the air, and knew that the morning had come. Then came the welcome cock-crow, and I felt that I was safe. With a glad heart,
I opened my door and ran down to the hall. I had seen that the door was unlocked, and now escape was before me. With hands that trembled with eagerness, I unhooked
the chains and drew back the massive bolts.
<lb/>
But the door would not move. Despair seized me. I pulled, and pulled, at the door, and shook it till, massive as it was, it rattled in its casement. I could see
the bolt shot. It had been locked after I left the <persName><ref target="#Dracula">Count</ref></persName>.
<lb/>
Then a wild desire took me to obtain that key at any risk, and I determined then and there to scale the wall again and gain the Count’s room. He might kill me,
but death now seemed the happier choice of evils. Without a pause I rushed up to the east window, and scrambled down the wall, as before, into the Count’s room.
It was empty, but that was as I expected. I could not see a key anywhere, but the heap of gold remained. I went through the door in the corner and down the winding
stair and along the dark passage to the old chapel. I knew now well enough where to find the monster I sought.
<lb/>
The great box was in the same place, close against the wall, but the lid was laid on it, not fastened down, but with the nails ready in their places to be
hammered home. I knew I must reach the body for the key, so I raised the lid, and laid it back against the wall; and then I saw something which filled my very
soul with horror. There lay the Count, but looking as if his youth had been half renewed, for the white hair and moustache were changed to dark iron-grey; the
cheeks were fuller, and the white skin seemed ruby-red underneath; the mouth was redder than ever, for on the lips were gouts of fresh blood, which trickled from
the corners of the mouth and ran over the chin and neck. Even the deep, burning eyes seemed set amongst swollen flesh, for the lids and pouches underneath were
bloated. It seemed as if the whole awful creature were simply gorged with blood. He lay like a filthy leech, exhausted with his repletion. I shuddered as I bent
over to touch him, and every sense in me revolted at the contact; but I had to search, or I was lost. The coming night might see my own body a banquet in a similar
way to those horrid three. I felt all over the body, but no sign could I find of the key. Then I stopped and looked at the Count. There was a mocking smile on the
bloated face which seemed to drive me mad. This was the being I was helping to transfer to London, where, perhaps, for centuries to come he might, amongst its
teeming millions, satiate his lust for blood, and create a new and ever-widening circle of semi-demons to batten on the helpless. The very thought drove me mad.
A terrible desire came upon me to rid the world of such a monster. There was no lethal weapon at hand, but I seized a shovel which the workmen had been using to
fill the cases, and lifting it high, struck, with the edge downward, at the hateful face. But as I did so the head turned, and the eyes fell full upon me, with all
their blaze of basilisk horror. The sight seemed to paralyse me, and the shovel turned in my hand and glanced from the face, merely making a deep gash above the
forehead. The shovel fell from my hand across the box, and as I pulled it away the flange of the blade caught the edge of the lid which fell over again, and hid
the horrid thing from my sight. The last glimpse I had was of the bloated face, blood-stained and fixed with a grin of malice which would have held its own in the
nethermost hell.
<lb/>
I thought and thought what should be my next move, but my brain seemed on fire, and I waited with a despairing feeling growing over me. As I waited I heard in
the distance a gipsy song sung by merry voices coming closer, and through their song the rolling of heavy wheels and the cracking of whips; the Szgany and the
Slovaks of whom the Count had spoken were coming. With a last look around and at the box which contained the vile body, I ran from the place and gained the Count’s
room, determined to rush out at the moment the door should be opened. With strained ears, I listened, and heard downstairs the grinding of the key in the great
lock and the falling back of the heavy door. There must have been some other means of entry, or some one had a key for one of the locked doors. Then there came
the sound of many feet tramping and dying away in some passage which sent up a clanging echo. I turned to run down again towards the vault, where I might find the
new entrance; but at the moment there seemed to come a violent puff of wind, and the door to the winding stair blew to with a shock that set the dust from the
lintels flying. When I ran to push it open, I found that it was hopelessly fast. I was again a prisoner, and the net of doom was closing round me more closely.
<lb/>
As I write there is in the passage below a sound of many tramping feet and the crash of weights being set down heavily, doubtless the boxes, with their freight
of earth. There is a sound of hammering; it is the box being nailed down. Now I can hear the heavy feet tramping again along the hall, with many other idle feet
coming behind them.
<lb/>
The door is shut, and the chains rattle; there is a grinding of the key in the lock; I can hear the key withdraw: then another door opens and shuts; I hear
the creaking of lock and bolt.
<lb/>
Hark! in the courtyard and down the rocky way the roll of heavy wheels, the crack of whips, and the chorus of the Szgany as they pass into the distance.
<lb/>
I am alone in the castle with those awful women. Faugh! Mina is a woman, and there is nought in common. They are devils of the Pit!
<lb/>
I shall not remain alone with them; I shall try to scale the castle wall farther than I have yet attempted. I shall take some of the gold with me, lest I want it
later. I may find a way from this dreadful place.
<lb/>
And then away for home! away to the quickest and nearest train! away from this cursed spot, from this cursed land, where the devil and his children still walk with
earthly feet!
<lb/>
<mentioned corresp="#suicide">At least God’s mercy is better than that of these monsters, and the precipice is steep and high. At its foot a man may sleep—as a man. Good-bye, all! <persName><ref target="/tapas-commons/files/Personography_Dracula_ENGL305:DIHU301.xml#MinaMurray">Mina</ref></persName>!</mentioned>
</p>
</div>
</body>
<back>
<index xml:id="glossary">
<term xml:id="Paranoia">
<note>
<p><ref target="Luigi">Paranoia, defined as a mental state involving delusions of hostile or maliscious intent. This state often leads to the "irrational distrust of others".</ref> Jonothan
reaches the conclusion that what he witnessed was no dream based on the simple fact that a door was jammed when tested in the morning. This rational however is based in a large assumption;
Had Jonothan tried that particular door before his supposed exploration of the Castle the previous night? Text from his journal in the previous chapter would suggest otherwise.
With this in mind it would seem to the critical thinker that Jonothan may indeed be rationalizing his 'irrational' fear that Count Dracula is a monster keeping him in captivity for
his own nefarious means. In reality it is likely that Dracula is either enamoured with Jonothan and wishes to spend more time with him (expressing this rather forcefully due to his noble
background), or has identified mental instability in Jonothan and is attempting to treat him before allowing him to re-enter civilization.</p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="Madness">
<note>
<p><ref target="#Frith">Madness, generally referring to a loss of common sense, relies heavily on the views and beliefs of the involved community.</ref> To be 'mad' is to act in a contradictory manner compared to
the accepted behaviors and beliefs of the community one resides within. With this view it is possible to be both considered 'mad' and 'sane' and the same time by different populations.
Alternatively it could be possible to be insane, and yet not mad due to an individuals ability to act accordingly to the current culturally accepted behaviors and beliefs. </p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="Hallucination">
<note>
<p><ref target="#Irwin">An article published around the same time as Stokers Dracula reffered to Hallucinations as "false preceptions without any material basis" cause by deviances within the brain.
Many causes are cited, including powerful emotions.</ref> Jonothan, whether justifiably or not is experiencing hightened levels of fear and anxiety. According to the knowledge of the time, this
environment was ripe for inducing hallucinations such as those he potentially experienced the night before.</p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="treatment">
<note>
<p><ref target="#Goodall">An article written by Dr Edwin Goodall (<date>May 24, 1890</date>) admitted that treatment within assylums focused on reducing the occurance of negative events for both patients and those
around them. He speaks of restraint still being a measure used in private - though now frowned upon as a public practice.</ref> The actions of Count Dracula align with accepted practices of the
time for treating one diagnosed as 'insane'. He is limiting Jonathans movements to the safety of the Castle and providing some form of stimulation through conversation on topics that are of
interest to his patient.</p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="hypnotism">
<note>
<p><ref target="#Khron">Hypnotism was viewed in the 1890's as a potentially superior theraputic tool to drugs in treating insomnia, anxiety and hallucinations. It was also considered as a potential
management tool for patients who were unwilling to perform what was percieved as beneficial behavior for their situation, as well as an effective alternative to restraints.</ref></p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="moonmadness">
<note>
<p><ref target="#Raison">Despite a number of research articles refuting the belief by the 1990s, it was still believed by many medical practicioners that the moon had a strong influence on the behaviors
of the insane. Indeed some practicioners had been known to take pre-emptive measures on restraining their patients before lunar events whether the patients previous behavior warrented such treatment or not.</ref></p>
</note>
</term>
<term xml:id="suicide">
<note>
<p><ref target="unknown">It is common for the insane to rationalise suicide soundly. They will often argue that they understand and have measured the value of their actions however an unknown author in an article
published in 1893 argued that no insane individual is capable of recognizing their own insanity. They argue that anyone, even those that commit the act on a momentary impulse must have experienced at least temporary
insanity; for no sane individual would willingly give up everything they had.</ref></p>
</note>
</term>
</index>
<div xml:id="references">
<bibl xml:id="Luigi">
<title level="a">What Is Paranoia?: Individual (clinical) paranoia</title>
<author>Luigi Zoja</author>, <title>Paranoia: The Madness that Makes History</title>
<publisher>Routledge</publisher>
<date>2017</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="Frith">
<title>Understanding Madness?</title>
<author>Chris D. Frith</author>
<publisher>Brain: A Journal of Neurology</publisher>
<date>2016</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="Irwin">
<title>The Insane Diathesis-Illusions, Hallucinations and Delusions</title>
<author>W. Brown Irwin, A.M., M.D.</author>
<author>Wenersville, PA.</author>
<publisher>Medical and Surgical Reporter</publisher>
<date>1896</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="Goodall">
<title>Observations on the Treatment of the Insane</title>
<author>Edwin Goodall, M.D</author>
<publisher>The Lancet</publisher>
<date>1890</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="Khron">
<title>Psychological Notes</title>
<author>William O. Khron, PH. D.</author>
<publisher>The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease</publisher>
<date>1893</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="Raison">
<title>The moon and madness reconsidered</title>
<author>Charles L. Raison</author>
<author>Haven M. Klein</author>
<author>Morgan Steckler</author>
<publisher>Journal of Affective Disorders</publisher>
<date>1999</date>
</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="unknown">
<title>Suicide and Insanity</title>
<author>unknown</author>
<publisher>The British Medical Journal</publisher>
<date>1893</date>
</bibl>
</div>
<div xml:id="people">
<listPerson>
<person xml:id="Dracula">
<persName> Count Dracula</persName>
<sex>Male</sex>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown tag="en"/>
</langKnowledge>
<residence>
<placeName> Castle Dracula</placeName> in <geogName>Transylvania</geogName>
<placeName> Carfax Estate at Purfleet in <country>England</country>
</placeName>
</residence>
<death>--11-06</death>
<trait>
<desc> Aquiline face with thin nose and lofty domed forehead, massive
eyebrows and a heavy mustache, very sharp white teeth that protrude over
the lips.</desc>
</trait>
</person>
<person xml:id="MinaMurray">
<persName>Mina Murray Harker</persName>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown tag="English"/>
</langKnowledge>
<affiliation> a school teacher, married to Jonathan Harker </affiliation>
<residence>
<placeName>
<region> Whitby </region>
</placeName>
<country> England</country>
</residence>
<sex value="F"> Female</sex>
<state type="nationality">
<label> Nationality </label>
<desc> British citizen </desc>
</state>
</person>
<person xml:id="LucyWestenra">
<persName>Lucy Westenra</persName>
<nationality>English</nationality>
<sex>Female</sex>
<age>19</age>
<socecStatus>Born into wealthy Victorian family and betrothed to <persName
ref="#Arthur">Arthur Holmwood</persName></socecStatus>
<trait>
<desc>Blonde hair</desc>
<desc>Voluptuous</desc>
</trait>
</person>
<person xml:id="Arthur" role="Lord Godalming">
<persName>Arthur Holmwood</persName>
<sex>Male</sex>
<nationality>English</nationality>
<socecStatus>Noble</socecStatus>
<residence>Europe</residence>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown level="fluent" tag="en">English</langKnown>
<langKnown tag="dutch"/>
</langKnowledge>
</person>
<person xml:id="VanHelsing">
<persName>Abraham Van Helsing</persName>
<sex>Male</sex>
<nationality>Dutch</nationality>
<faith>Catholic</faith>
<age>Old</age>
<education>Doctor, professor, metaphysician, scientist, philosopher</education>
<occupation>Doctor</occupation>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown level="basic" tag="en"/>
<langKnown tag="nl">Dutch</langKnown>
</langKnowledge>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Body Structure</label>
<desc>Medium build, strong</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Head</label>
<desc>Broad</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Skin</label>
<desc>Clean shaven</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Face</label>
<desc>Square</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Forehead</label>
<desc>Broad</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Eyes</label>
<desc>Dark blue, wide spread, emotive</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Nose</label>
<desc>Straight with "quick, sensitive nostrils"</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Mouth</label>
<desc>Large</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Eyebrows</label>
<desc>Bushy</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="physical">
<label>Hair</label>
<desc>Reddish</desc>
</trait>
<trait type="personality">
<label>Personality</label>
<desc>Iron nerve, open mind, cool temper, resolute, kind</desc>
</trait>
</person>
<person xml:id="Seward">
<persName> Dr.John Seward <addName type="nickname"
>Jack</addName>
</persName>
<nationality key="UK">British <location>
<settlement xml:id="carfax">Carfax</settlement>
</location>British<bloc type="union"> The European Union</bloc>
</nationality>
<residence notBefore="1879"><placeName ref="#carfax"
>Carfax</placeName><placeName ref="#London">London</placeName>
<region xml:id="England">England</region>
</residence>
<sex value="M">Male</sex>
<education>Doctorate in Medicine, practices cutting-edge psychology. Provides
the reader with an examination of Vampirism through his study of <persName
ref="#Renfield"> Renfield</persName>.</education>
<occupation>
<roleName type="honorific">Doctor of Medicine</roleName>
</occupation>
<trait type="physical">
<desc>Strong Jaw</desc>
</trait>
</person>
<person xml:id="Jonathan" role="Solicitor">
<persName>Jonathan Harker</persName>
<sex>Male</sex>
<nationality>English</nationality>
<socecStatus>Clerk</socecStatus>
<residence>Europe</residence>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown level="fluent" tag="en"/>
</langKnowledge>
<trait type="personality">
<desc>
Determined
</desc>
</trait>
</person>
<person xml:id="Hawkins" role="Employer of Jonathan Harker">
<sex>Male</sex>
<nationality>English</nationality>
<socecStatus>Owner of his own Firm</socecStatus>
<langKnowledge>
<langKnown level="fluent" tag="en"/>
</langKnowledge>
</person>
</listPerson>
</div>
</back>
</text>
</TEI>
